Grammatical Units
Grammatical units merupakan bagian units dalam grammar dari mulai terkecil yaitu kata, phrase (frasa), clause (clausa), dan kalimat (paling besar).
words [kata] | phrase [frasa] | clause [klausa] | sentence [kalimat] |
Words
Kata merupakan bagian terkecil yang paling mudah ditemui. Ada banyak jenis kata, contohnya :
good | evening | ladies | gentlemen |
Phrase
Frase merupakan rangkaian 2 kata atau lebih yang masuk dalam satu kategori kelas kata. Frase yang terbentuk akan selau menjadi salah satu elemen kalimat.
Terdapat 5 jenis kategori frasa.
Verb Phrase auxiliary verb + ordinary verb | is coming had though was left will be gone |
Noun Phrase noun + noun determiner + noun adjective + noun | a goodflight his crew delicious food good books |
Adjective Phrase adverb + adjective | very pleasant extremely dangerous |
Adverb Phrase adverb + adverb | almost certainly |
Prepositional Phrase preposition + noun | after lunch, on the aircraft, inside the house |
Contoh :
Our flight time [noun phrase] [subject] | /will be/ [verb phrase] [verb] | approximately forty-five minutes. [noun phrase] [adverbial] |
On behalf of the air line [prepositional phrase] | we [noun] | wish [verb] | you [noun] | a pleasant flight. [noun phrase] |
Clause
Clause merupakan rangkaian dari beberapa kata atau phrase yang memiliki element kalimat Subject dan Verb.
Contoh :
My father [subject] | snoors. [verb] |
Our car [noun phrase] [subject] | /will be/ [verb phrase] [verb] | fixed [adjective] [complement] | on next day [adverb phrase] [adverbial] |
Sentence
Kalimat bisa berupa sebuah klausa.
On behalf of the air line [adverbial] | we [subject] | wish [verb] | you [object] | a pleasant flight. [indirect object] |
*kalimat diawali dengan huruf kapital dan diakhiri dengan tanda titik
Satu kalimat bisa terdiri dari beberapa klausa yang dihubungkan dengan kata conjunction. Contohnya kita bisa menggunakan “dan” & “atau” untuk menghubungkan beberapa klausa.
Our flight time will be approximately forty-five minutes , and we shall be climbing to an altitude of eight thousand feet and cruising at a speed of two hundred and fifty miles an hour.
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