Quantifier
Quantifier adalah adjective yang menunjukkan jumlah seperti many, a lot of, both, all, enough, dan lain-lain.
Large and Small Quantities
Beberapa quantifiers menjelaskan kuantitas yang banyak atau kecil.
- Large : The burglars did a lot of damage.
- Small : The burglars took a few things.
Whole and Part Quantities
Quantifiers bisa menjelaskan keseluruhan atau sebagian dari kuantitas.
- Whole : All crime should be reported.
- Part : Most crime remains unsolved.
Some and Any
Some memiliki dua arti berbeda.
- The burglars took some money. (jumlah tertentu/beberapa)
- Some money that is taken by the burglars was recovered. (sebagian)
Quantifiers any digunakan umumnya untuk kalimat negatif dan interrogative.
- They did not leave any fingerprints.
- Have they done any damage?
Namun any bisa bermakna “apapun”
- I am free all week. Come any day you like.
Large Quantifiers
Terdapat 4 jenis large quantifier yang umum digunakan sebagai large quantifier yaitu a lot of, lots of, many, dan much. Namun, beberapa hanya bisa digunakan untuk countable/uncountable saja.
a lot of | lots of | many | much | |
plural countable | v | v | v | - |
uncountable | v | v | - | v |
- a lot of dan lots of digunakan dengan noun plural countable dan uncountable.
- many hanya bisa digunakan untuk noun plural countable
- much digunakan dengan noun uncountable
Plural Countable
- A lot of people work in London.
- Lots of birds migrate to south during winter.
- There are not many trains on a Sunday.
Uncountable
- You will have a lot of fun at our Holiday Centre.
- There are lots of information that you can find from newspaper.
- There is not much traffic on a Sunday.
**Pada kalimat positive, kita gunakan a lot of dan lots of.
**Pada kalimat negative dan question.
Positive
- There are a lot of tourists here.
- Lots of people work in New York.
Negative
- There are not many tourist here.
- I do not have much money now.
Question
- Are there many tourist here?
- How many tourist come here?
Adjective seperti very, so, too, dan how hanya bisa digunakan dengan many atau much.
- Very many crimes go unreported.
- There were so many people we could not get in.
- There is too much salt in this steak.
- How much money that you earn every month?
Contoh Lain Large Quantifier
- A large number of people could not get tickets.
- A dishwasher uses a great deal of electricity.
- It uses a large/huge/tremendous amount of electricity.
- Numerous difficulties were put in my way.
- We have got masses of time/heaps of time/loads of time.
Small Quantifier
Ada dua jenis small quantifier yaitu a few dan a little. Keduanya digunakan untuk kalimat positive.
*A few digunakan pada plural countable.
- There are a few elementary school in the village.
*A little digunakan pada uncountable noun.
- I have still got a little money.
Jika few dan little digunakan tanpa article “a”, hanya digunakan dalam kalimat negative.
- Is this a holiday place? Yes, there are a few tourists here.
- Is this a holiday place? No, there are few tourists here.
Contoh Lain Small Quantifier
- Several people got left behind.
- A handful of people got left behind.
- A computer uses only a small amount of electricity.
- A computer uses only a tiny amount of electricity.
Whole and Part Quantities
Dalam bahasa Indonesia whole dan part quantities adalah sebagain besar, sebagain kecil, seluruh, keduanya, setiap, beberapa dan lain-lain. Whole quantities hanya ada satu yaitu “all”. Sedangkan part quantities ada banyak jenisnya.
Package systems are generally advertised on the strength of their features; a separates system may not have any of these. You may find some of them useful, but others are gimmicks.
Most package systems have two cassette decks. Both decks play tapes, but only one can record. All the systems we tested can copy a tape from one deck to the other in about the half the normal playing time.
Quantities selalu menjelaskan “jumlah” noun di belakangnya. Noun yang dijelaskan bisa berupa singular, plural, atau uncountable. Tetapi, beberapa jenis quantities hanya bisa digunakan dengan noun tertentu.
all / most / both + nouns (countable/uncountable)
singular | plural | uncountable | |
all | - | all systems | all music |
most | - | most systems | most music |
*both | - | both systems | - |
*both hanya bisa digunakan dengan noun yang berjumlah 2.
either / neither / every / each + nouns (singular only)
singular | plural | uncountable | |
either | either system | - | - |
neither | neither system | - | - |
every | every system | - | - |
each | each system | - | - |
some / any / no + nouns (semua jenis nouns)
singular | plural | uncountable | |
some | (some) system | some systems | some system |
any | any system | any systems | any system |
no | no system | no systems | no system |
some (singular) : tertentu
some (plural) : beberapa
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