Possessive dan demonstrative adalah kata tunjuk khusus. Possessives terdiri dari dua jenis yaitu sebagai determiner (my, your, his, dll) atau sebagai pronoun (mine, yours, hers, dll).
- It is my book. (possessive determiner)
- The book is mine. (possessive pronoun)
Demonstratives merupakan kata “tunjuk asli”, dalam bahasa adalah ini (this/these) dan itu (that/those). This dan that digunakan jika merujuk pada sesuatu yang tunggal, sedangkan these dan those untuk sesuatu yang jamak.
- This programme is interesting. (determiner)
- These books are very expensive. (determiner)
- That is my house. (pronoun)
- Those are my children. (pronoun)
Demonstrative sebagai determiner akan selau diikuti oleh noun. Jika sebagai pronoun, maka berdiri sendiri sebagai Subject / Object.
Possessives
Emma : What about Friday?
Luke : I’ll just look in my diary.
Emma : Have you got your diary, Sandy?
Sandy : I think so.
Gavign : I haven’t got mine with me.
Luke : I can’t come on Friday. we’re giving a party for one of our neighbours. It’s her birthday.
Possessive digunakan untuk menunjukkan hubungan atau kepemilikan sesuatu oleh seseorang. “My diary” adalah diary milikku.
Determiners and pronouns
Possessive determiner (adjective) berada sebelum noun.
- my diary
- our neighbour
- her birthday
Namun ketika noun yang dimaksud sudah dipahami dalam konteks kalimatnya, noun bisa tidak digunakan/dihilangkan.
- I’ll look in my diary. I haven’t got mine with me.
- That isn’t Harriet’s coat. Hers is blue.
- Whose is this pen? Yours, isn’t it?
Ketika tidak memiliki noun, maka possessive berfungsi sebagai pronoun.
Bentuk Possessives
Determiners | Pronouns | |||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
1st person | my pen | our house | mine | ours |
2nd person | your book | your cats | yours | yours |
3rd person | his father | their attitude | his | theirs |
her decision | hers | |||
its colour | - | |||
Demonstratives
choosing a gift
Debbie: I just want to look at these jugs. I’m goinf to buy my mother one for her birthday.
Felicity: Those glass ones are nice.
Debbie: Yes, this one looks the sort of thing she had like. It is a bit expensive, though.
Felicity: What about this?
Debbie: I don’t like that so much.
Demonstrative digunakan untuk menunjuk sesuatu. This dan these digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang dekat. That dan those digunakan untuk menunjuk sesuatu yang jauh. This dan that adalah singular, sedangkan these dan those merupakan plural.
Bentuk Demonstratives
Determiners | Pronouns | |
Singular | this carpet that carpet | this that |
Plural | these flowers those hills | these those |
Demonstratives (this, that, these, dan those) bisa sebagai determiners atau pronoun. Sebagai determiner, demonstrative berada sebelum noun. Jika sebagai pronoun, maka berfungsi sebagai Subject / Object yang jelas maknanya.
- Determiner: What about this jug?
- Pronoun: What about this?
Penggunaan Demonstrative
Gunakan this untuk merujuk pada tempat, situasi, atau kejadian tertentu.
- This town has absolutely no night life.
- How long is this weather going to last?
- This is a great party.
- This town is the town where we meet first time.
Ganti demonstrative dengan it/they jika disebutkan lagi pada kalimat berikutnya. (penggunaan mirip dengan a/an dan the)
- This is a great party, isn’t it? I hope you are enjoying it.
- These shoes are wet. I left them out in the rain.
This/these bisa berarti “sekarang, dalam jangka dekat” dan that/those berarti “akan/lampau, waktu yang jauh dari sekarang”.
- My mother is staying with us this week.
- Yes, I remember the festival, My other was staying with us that week.
- The only thing people do these days is watch TV.
- It was different when I was young, We did not have TV in those days.
Gunakan this atau that untuk merujuk pada sesuatu yang sudah disebutkan sebelumnya.
- I simply haven’t got the money. That is / That is the problem.
- The rooms are so big. That is why is is cold.
- Well, if you have not got television, you can’t watch it. That is true.
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