Pada bagian pertama, kita telah belajar bahwa ada dua kategori verb yaitu ordinary verb dan auxiliary verb. Namun, di dalam ordinary verb masih memiliki 2 sub-kategori lagi yaitu action verb dan “to be” verb.
Ordinary Verb
Ordinary verb merupakan kata kerja sederhana dalam kalimat. Ordinary verb selalu digunakan dalam kalimat yang hanya memiliki satu verb saja entah action verb atau “to be”.
1. Action Verb
Action verb merupakan kata kerja yang menunjukkan “aksi” dari subject. Action verb biasanya paling sering digunakan dalam kalimat.
Present | Past |
I /ride/ my bike to school. | I /bought/ new phone. |
He /eats/ bread. | He /drunk/ the milk this morning. |
She /walks/ to the station. | She /heard/ a strange noise last night. |
You /need/ to sleep. | You /brought/ my book accidentally. |
They /eat/ steak for dinner. | They /made/ this cake for you. |
We /buy/ food for our kids | We /found/ the key yesterday. |
It /floats/ on the sea. | It /seemed/ very strange. |
2. “To be” verb
Yang kedua adalah “to be” verb. Fungsi dari “to be” adalah menjelaskan kondisi dari subject. “To be” memiliki pasangan sesuai dengan pronoun dan tenses yang digunakan.
to be | present | past |
I | am | was |
he/she/it | is | was |
we | are | were |
you | are | were |
they | are | were |
Contoh :
to be | present | past |
I | I /am/ a doctor. | I /was/ a doctor. |
he | He /is/ sleepy. | He /was/ here. |
she | She /is/ angry. | She /was/ kind to me. |
it | It /is/ very hot. | It /was/ hidden. |
we | We /are/ not alone. | We /were/ your student. |
you | You /are/ my best friend. | You /were/ my classmate. |
they | They /are/ my teacher. | They /were/ my co workers. |
Auxiliary Verb
Auxiliary verb berfungsi sebagai kata bantu kerja. Auxiliary verb tidak bisa berdiri sendiri dalam kalimat. Auxiliary verb selalu berada di depan kata kerja utama. Auxiliary verb memiliki 4 sub-kategori.
1. Auxiliary do/does/did
Do/does/did digunakan untuk membantu verb utama pada kalimat negative atau kalimat interrogative.
negative sentence | negative interrogative | |
*do | I /do/ not know the truth. | /Do/ you want to buy one? |
*does | She /doesn’t/ agree with me. | /Does/ she know me? |
**did | They /didn’t/ arrive here yet. | /Did/ he finish his homework? |
*do dan does digunakan untuk kalimat simple present.
** did digunakan untuk kalimat simple past.
2. Auxiliary has/have/had
Has/have/had sebagai auxiliary digunakan hanya pada perfect tenses. Baik positive, negative, atau interrogative menggunakan has/have.
I /have/ been following you for a mile. |
We /have/ done a lot so far. |
He /has/ been working for 2 years. |
She /had/ been queen of the town. |
We /had/ took final exam. |
*has/have/had sebagai auxiliary digunakan dalam perfect tenses.
**has/have/had jika berdiri sendiri berfungsi sebagai action verb yang artinya “mempunyai”.
3. Auxiliary “to be”
“To be” juga dapat berfungsi sebagai auxiliary verb jika diikuti oleh verb+ing atau verb3 dalam kalimat.
“to be” + verb_ing | “to be” + verb 3 |
I am taking a bath. | I was given a free meal. |
She is preparing dinner. | He was seen at the airport |
They are going somewhere. | This song is sung by Romeo. |
We are having dinner. | These book are sold out. |
4. Auxiliary Modal
Auxiliary yang terakhir adalah modal. Modal merupakan kata bantu yang dapat merubah makna kalimat. Modal selalu berfungsi sebagai auxiliary verb karena fungsinya “sedikit” merubah makna pada verb utama.
should | He should be here by now. |
could | I could swim quite well when I was younger. |
must | You mustn't blame yourself for this. |
might | You might have discussed it with me first. |
can | You can't be serious! |
could | Could you open the window please? |
must | You must leave now! |
ought to | We ought to be going. |
had to | She had to take her brother along with her. |
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